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Porto is Portugal’s compact and energetic second city, built on the steep banks of the mouth of the Douro River. It avoided the ravages of the 1755 earthquake that destroyed Lisbon, thus preserving its character and you’ll find brightly tiled, tight-knit houses crowding the slopes above the historic waterfront Ribeira district as well as a charmingly tumbled-down medieval core.

The Douro River — crossed by six bridges — was historically the region’s main artery. It runs from the inland wine country to the Vila Nova de Gaia parish, across the water from the main city. There, Porto’s eponymous fortified wine still ages silently in oak casks hidden in wine cellars, just as it has for hundreds of years.

Porto’s Old-World feel is obviously apparent along the riverfront but delving up into the heart of downtown you’ll find numerous beautiful tile-clad churches and elegant plazas.

Spain & Portugal specialist Allan

Things to see and do in Porto

Ribeira district

On the north bank of the river, Ribeira is a photogenic district of medieval townhouses and small shops. The bank is lined with brightly tiled caf茅s that spill onto the grey flagstones, and behind this huddles a small warren of alleys little more than an arm span across, linked by steep steps and hidden from one another like the corridors in a maze containing some of Porto’s oldest buildings.

You can easily while away time here, admiring the Douro (Riberia literally means ‘riverside’) or meandering through the lanes away from the waterfront. Or, to get a different perspective on the city, board a cruise along the river to admire the river’s six bridges.

Douro bridges

The river is spanned by six bridges, most notably the Dom Luís I. A double-decker bridge, the main road follows the lower level or — to enjoy some good views of the river and city — you can travel across the upper level on the local metro system or on foot.

The Maria Pia Bridge, an elegant and airy construction of steel, is the oldest of the Douro’s bridges and was designed by none other than Gustave Eiffel.

The Arrábida Bridge once held the record for the longest arch in a concrete bridge. That has been surpassed, but it remains one of the major road routes between Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia.

Vila Nova de Gaia’s port wine cellars

Across the river from Ribeira, Vila Nova de Gaia is the home of the wine cellars where port is aged. A visit here is an essential part of understanding the region.

Port dates back to Great Britain’s 18th-century squabbles with France, when the British decided to buy their wine from Portuguese vineyards instead of Gallic ones. To preserve the red wine on the long voyage to London, vintners fortified their goods with brandy.

To this day, grapes for port are grown in terraced vineyards in a fixed area along the banks of the Douro River — the oldest demarcated wine region in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The wine is then shipped to Vila Nova de Gaia, where it’s spiked with brandy and aged in the cellars of the great houses like Cálem, Ferreira, Sandeman and Taylor’s.

The result is a sweet, rich after-dinner tipple best sipped from small glasses, the better to relish its bold, complicated taste. Many of the cellars offer tours, and are fronted by showrooms and exhibitions, with rows of tables for tastings afterward. You’ll be invited to try samples of the main types of port, including the youthful ruby varieties, and tawny port, which is aged for at least two years.

São Bento Railway Station

Completed in 1903, the São Bento Railway Station is a grand and graceful building that dates back to an era when train journeys were an elegant mode of travel. The stately façade is made from time-darkened granite, with a mansard roof and Beaux Arts clocks, but the real attraction is inside the front hall.

There, dominating three walls, more than 20,000 blue-and-white azulejo (tiles) depict both great moments in Portugal’s history and the evolution of transport. These hand-painted tiles were designed by Jorge Colaço over the course of 11 years.

Museu de Arte Contemporânea & Museu de Serralves

Porto’s preservation of its historic attractions doesn’t mean the city is mired in the past. Instead, it maintains a lively appreciation of contemporary architecture and art.

You can see the latter on display at the Museu de Arte Contemporânea, designed by native son Álvaro Siza Vieira. It’s a startlingly minimalist building with whitewashed galleries where you can see rotating exhibits of world-class contemporary art.

Its nearby sister museum, the Museu de Serralves, is a pink Art Deco mansion that displays site-specific work by the likes of Dan Graham, Richard Serra and Claes Oldenburg.

Both are set in the grounds of the Parque de Serralves, a whimsical garden of rose beds and formal fountains and giant sculptures, like a giant bright-red gardening trowel.

Torre dos Clérigos

For one of the best vantage points in Porto, we suggest climbing this Baroque tower, which stands 74 m (243 ft) above the streets. Getting to the top involves more than 200 tightly spiralled steps, but your efforts are rewarded with a bird’s-eye view over the tightly packed terracotta roofs of the city to the river and beyond.

You can visit exhibits on the first and second floors, which illuminate the history of the tower and its residents, as well as an associated church, the Igreja dos Clérigos. Both the tower and the church were designed in the mid-1700s by the same architect, Italian-born master Nicolau Nasoni.

Foz do Douro & Matosinhos

Located where the Douro meets the Atlantic, Foz do Douro (‘Foz’ to locals) is an upscale waterfront parish with enough attractions to support a day-long visit. You can admire the Atlantic from a lighthouse, stroll under the pergola on the waterfront esplanade or indulge in some ice cream on the wide, golden-sand beach.

Families, amblers and amateur botanists will enjoy the tree-canopied paths through the Jardim do Passeio Alegre, a garden that boasts several monuments and fountains, as well as crazy golf for the children.

Beyond Foz, Matosinhos is the city’s main fishing port, which means the local restaurants and caf茅s offer impeccably fresh seafood right off the boat. The beach here is Porto’s most consistent surfing destination, with regular but gentle waves.

At the southern reach of the parish, you’ll find SheChanges — Anemone, a fishing net sculpture that towers four stories high and undulates like an actual anemone in the constant ocean breezes. The net is a tribute to the area’s fishing heritage.

Best time to visit Porto

Spring months (March to May) bring warm breezes and sunshine to Porto, making it an ideal time to visit. September and October are also nice, with comfortable temperatures and fewer visitors. The heat and crowds both increase in the summer months (June to August), so we suggest avoiding those. Rains usually arrive in November and don’t leave until the end of February.