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When 16th-century Dutch explorers tried to map Sulawesi, they were so confused by its jumble of mountains and sprawling peninsulas that they deemed it an archipelago. While it is in fact one of Indonesia’s largest islands, you can see where the Dutch were coming from. Due to the extreme topography of the island, sections have developed in relative isolation, giving the endemic wildlife sanctuaries to thrive in and people space to develop customs and beliefs you won’t find anywhere else.

The island can be reached from a number of cities in Indonesia, flying into Makassar in the south and Manado to the north. Manado is the biggest city on the island and home to most of the population. Although it’s generally a transport hub for onward travel, it’s worth lingering to see the well-preserved Fort Rotterdam, a remnant of Dutch rule, which houses a museum of Sulawesi culture. Predominantly a fishing-village-turned-city, in the early morning you can tour the marina to see lines of pinisis (Indonesian sailing ships), their catch being transported to the nearby fish market.

Makassar is mostly Muslim, and tours can be arranged with the imam of a local mosque if you’d like to learn more. Large chunks of the south are predominantly Christian — stop in the village of Sengkang and you’ll see a Jesus statue taller than Rio’s Christ the Redeemer — but head to the Tojora region and you’ll find a people who practice Christianity alongside animalistic beliefs.

The Torajans believe that without a proper funeral, the deceased’s spirit could bring misfortune to the family. Subsequently, elaborate funeral ceremonies are an important part of village life, lasting for days with traditional rituals and feasting. Stay in the area and you’ll be welcomed to attend one — foreign guests are seen to elevate the importance of the deceased.

If your visit doesn’t coincide with a ceremony, you can still admire the architecture of the villages. The skyline is punctuated by lines of Tongkonans, wooden houses with oversized roofs that look like giant saddles. These ancestral homes are paired with alang, intricately carved rice barns on stilts that perch over green paddies and chicken runs. Cliff and cave cemeteries are scattered through the region where the entombed are watched over by tau taus (life-sized wooden effigies of the dead).

North of Toraja are the relatively impenetrable mountains of central Sulawesi, which we suggest eschewing (by a short domestic flight) for the northernmost peninsula.

Here you’ll find Tomohon, a landscape that’s pitted with fumaroles and hot springs that fill the air with steam against a backdrop of volcanic calderas. Here you can trek up a defunct lava flow to the crater of Mount Lokon or take a boat across Lake Linow, whose mineral-rich water changes shade depending on the amount of sunlight each day.

A few hours’ drive from Tomohon is Tangkoko National Park, a reserve of coastal mangroves, deciduous forests and high, mountainside scrubland. Birdwatchers can see the endemic red-knobbed hornbill, the pit digging maleo bird and the rare celebes crested macaque, but the real draw of the park is the chance to see the doe-eyed tarsier. Take a guided evening walk and you might spot this tiny nocturnal primate peering back at you, as well as bats and, if you’re extremely lucky, the rare Sulawesi dwarf cuscus.

Sulawesi sits right atop the coral triangle, widely considered the richest marine environment in the world. Some of the best spots are around the jungle-topped headlands of the northern peninsula. Around the islands of Bunaken Marine Park snorkelers and divers can see reef sharks, eagle rays and turtles against a backdrop of flourishing coral.

Just around the coastline, world-class divers travel to the Lembeh Strait to muck dive (the search for tiny critters on the sea floor). Along the volcanic-sand floor you might spot a tiny but highly venomous blue-ring octopus, kaleidoscopic shrimp or pygmy seahorses.

Best time to visit Sulawesi

Temperatures are relatively consistent, hovering between a comfortably warm 68 to 95°F. Dry season normally falls between April and October and while we consider Sulawesi a year-round destination, the wettest months tend to be January and February.